Journal of Industrial Automation and Electrical Engineering
Journal of Industrial Automation and Electrical Engineering (JIAEE) e-ISSN : 3089-1159 is an open-access peer-reviewed journal which is providing a platform to researchers, scientists, engineers, and practitioners/professionals throughout the world to publish the latest creations and achievement, future challenges and exciting applications of manufacture and applications of instrumentation and control engineering, industrial automation, control system, robotics, power electronic and drive, renewable energy, SCADA and Internet of Things (IoT), power quality, electrical machine and drive, artificial intelligence (AI), circuits & electronics, electrical engineering materials, protection system, power system analysis etc. The journal is published by Department of Electrical Engineering Universitas Negeri Padang in collaboration with Instrumentation, Control and Automation Research Group (ICARG) Universitas Negeri Padang.
Department of Electrical Engineering Universitas Negeri Padang
Implementation of four-quadrant DC Chopper for driver DC motor using Arduino
This study aims to design and implement a DC motor control system using a four-quadrant DC chopper to enhance motor operation flexibility and efficiency. Conventional DC motor control methods often suffer from high starting currents and limited speed control capabilities. The proposed system utilizes an H-Bridge chopper circuit controlled by MOSFETs with Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signals generated by an Arduino Mega 2560 and programmed through MATLAB Simulink. The four-quadrant chopper enables motor operation in forward motoring, forward braking, reverse motoring, and reverse braking modes. Experimental results demonstrate that the system effectively regulates motor speed and direction while minimizing excessive inrush current. The test results indicate a direct correlation between PWM duty cycles and output voltage, validating the system’s ability to provide precise motor control. Furthermore, the integration of regenerative breaking enhances energy efficiency. This study provides a robust solution for DC motor control applications requiring bidirectional operation and dynamic speed adjustments
Copyright (c) 2025 Ainul Ridwan (Author)
Accuracy evaluation of position and speed control of Servo motor using PLC
The focus of this study is on the accuracy of the SIMOTICS S-1FL6 servo motor control, which is operated using a Siemens S7-1200 PLC and a Sinamics V90 VSD, with the help of a Human Machine Interface (HMI). This study quantitatively examines the motor speed in achieving the desired position (0°-360° unidirectional and clockwise) at 10 and 100 RPM, as well as the rotation accuracy at 10 to 100 RPM. The position accuracy evaluation results indicate that while the system provides good pressure at 10 RPM, the accuracy there is significant at 100 RPM, especially during complex operations. In addition, the overall accuracy of the rotation speed generally indicates the system's ability to achieve the RPM goal, even if there are occasional fluctuations in the Speed Error resulting in overshoot or undershoot. Thus, the results of this accuracy testing indicate that the developed control system successfully controls the SIMOTICS S-1FL6 servo motor in real-time, resulting in a high level of accuracy and is suitable for applications that monitor pressure from low to high as well as the rate of return from low to high
Copyright (c) 2025 Revidadina Dwi Junita (Author)
DC motor speed control using two quadrant DC Chopper based on Sliding Mode Controller
DC motors are vital components in the industrial world, thanks to their ability to provide precise control over speed and torque. In various manufacturing processes, these motors are used to drive machines, conveyor systems, and other automated applications. However, the challenge faced is speed instability when the motor operates under variations in load and speed. To overcome this problem, this study focuses on controlling the speed of a DC motor using a two-quadrant DC chopper based on a Sliding Mode Controller (SMC). The SMC method has the ability to overcome disturbance models and provide consistent performance under dynamic conditions, making it very effective in maintaining the performance of a DC motor control system in various operational situations. In addition, the SMC is able to ensure the output system can track the desired reference and generate a control signal that minimizes tracking errors. The control signal in the SMC consists of two components, namely the reach mode and the slide mode. The design process in this study includes programming the Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller, and the implementation of the SMC control system is carried out using MATLAB Simulink. Simulation results show that the SMC-based control can maintain a stable motor speed despite significant changes in load and speed. Thus, this research makes a significant contribution towards the development of more effective DC motor control systems for industrial applications
Copyright (c) 2025 Fashly Arief, Muldi Yuhendri (Author)
Maximum power control strategy of solar panel based on Artificial Neural Network using Quadratic Boost Converter
This research proposes and implements a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control system on solar panels using a quadratic boost converter controlled by a backpropagation-based Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithm. The system is designed to maximize the output power of a 2x50 WP solar panel by reading current and voltage data, then calculating the power change (ΔP) which is used as JST training input to produce the optimal duty cycle value. This value is then used to adjust the PWM signal that controls the operation of the converter. The testing was conducted using real hardware connected to the Arduino Mega 2560, and programming was done through MATLAB Simulink. The JST training results show a very low Mean Squared Error (MSE) and high prediction accuracy with a regression coefficient (R) value approaching 1. The system has proven capable of reaching a maximum power point (MPP) of 52 watts in just 21 seconds with minimal power fluctuations. Thus, this JST-based MPPT control system demonstrates efficient, accurate, and responsive performance in optimizing the output power of solar panels
Copyright (c) 2025 Fanessa Olivia, Muldi Yuhendri (Author)
IoT based monitoring system of power supplies using solar panel and PLN
The advancement of Internet of Things (IoT) technology has opened new opportunities in energy management, especially for power supply monitoring systems that combine solar panels and the PLN grid. This study designs and implements an IoT-based monitoring system to observe voltage levels of 5VDC, 12VDC, and 24VDC in real-time using INA219 sensors, a 20A PWM Solar Charge Controller, a 12V 5Ah battery, and a NodeMCU ESP32 connected to the Blynk application. The system features automatic switching from solar to PLN when abnormal conditions such as overcurrent (>100mA) or voltage drops occur. Testing under normal and fault conditions shows that the system effectively maintains stability, switches power sources automatically, and provides real-time notifications, demonstrating its efficiency and suitability as a reliable, environmentally friendly energy management solution
Copyright (c) 2025 Athah Al Amin, Muldi Yuhendri (Author)
Smart nutrision hydroponic mix Microcontroller-based system with solar power plant integration
Indonesia's agricultural sector faces the challenges of climate change and land constraints that drive the need for sustainable agricultural technology innovation. This research designed a Deep Flow Technique (DFT) hydroponic system based on Arduino Mega 2560 which is integrated with a Solar Power Plant (PLTS). The system uses a DFRobot TDS sensor for nutrient monitoring, an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor for water level detection, an ACS712 voltage and current sensor for electrical monitoring, and an I2C LCD for the display. The integration of solar power with solar panels, MPPT, and batteries provides sustainable energy. The test results showed that the TDS sensor had an accuracy with an error of 1.38%-41.11%, the ultrasonic sensor showed good reading consistency, and the electrical sensor gave the results according to the reference. Testing of the overall system proves the integration is successful with real-time monitoring capabilities and automatic controls. The solar power system has succeeded in providing stable energy for independent operations. The research resulted in an automated hydroponic prototype that improves production efficiency with the support of renewable energy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Syaifullah Ali (Author)
Smarthome security system based on Internet of Things (IoT) using ESP32
The development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology has enabled the creation of a smarter, more efficient, and integrated home security system. This research was conducted to design and build an IoT-based smarthome security system using an ESP32 microcontroller, with the aim of improving home security through automatic access control and fire detection. The benefit of this research is to provide a home security solution that can be monitored and controlled in real-time through the Blynk application, while increasing the response to potential hazards. The research method includes hardware design consisting of RFID module for door authentication, flame sensor for fire detection, DHT22 sensor for temperature measurement, and actuators such as solenoid door lock, servo motor, fan, motor pump, buzzer, and LED indicator. The system was tested in various ways, including RFID tag reading, flame detection, temperature response, and remote control using Blynk. The test results show that the system is able to read RFID tags with a distance of ±5 cm and a response time of <1 second, detect flames up to a distance of ±80 cm, and display sensor data in real-time on Blynk with an overall success rate of more than 95%. The system built can function properly as designed and is able to provide effective home security, both locally and remotely. Users can access information on home conditions and control devices directly anytime and anywhere. With stable performance and high success rate in various tests, this system can be an effective and practical solution to improve home security based on IoT technology
Copyright (c) 2025 Widia Andris Geovani Widia (Author)
Analysis of three-phase Inverter with switching angle variations
A three-phase inverter is a power conversion device that converts direct current (DC) to three-phase alternating current (AC). Inverter performance is significantly influenced by the switching angle control method used. This study analyzed three-phase inverters with varying switching angles of 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°, 120°, 135°, 150°, and 180°. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of varying the switching angle on the output waveform produced by the three-phase inverter. Testing was conducted by observing the gate driver output signal and the phase-to-phase and phase-neutral voltage waveforms using an oscilloscope. The results showed that changes in the switching angle affected the voltage pulse width and the symmetry of the output waveform. The higher the level, the closer it became to a sinusoidal shape. This test used two loads: the resistive load produced a relatively stable waveform, while the incandescent lamp load experienced distortion due to the inductive nature of the filament. The conclusion of this study is that selecting the right switching angle can improve the power quality and efficiency of the inverter performance according to application needs.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fabiola Marsha Kirana (Author)
Output voltage control of Multi Input Boost Converter based on Proportional Integral (PI) controller
The design and implementation of a Multi Input Boost Converter (MIBC) based on Proportional-Integral (PI) control is discussed in this study to ensure output voltage stability in the face of load variations and input source fluctuations. Two DC input sources are integrated into the system architecture to produce a larger and more consistent output voltage. An Arduino Mega 2560 is used to create the PI controller, which is programmed using MATLAB/Simulink and employs PWM signal duty cycle settings to control the MOSFET in the converter circuit. Variability in input, load, and voltage setpoint are factors that influence experimental results. By comparing experimental results with a system without control, it is proven that PI control can eliminate overshoot and voltage ripple, reduce steady-state error, and maintain the output voltage close to the reference value. Additionally, in various test configurations, the system demonstrates good stability and fast response time. Therefore, MIBC with PI control can be used to improve the efficiency and reliability of multi-input power conversion, which can be beneficial for renewable energy systems requiring a stable DC power source
Copyright (c) 2025 Iqbal Dafri Maulana (Author)
Control and monitoring system of bio-mass weight feeder equipment in Indarung V PT Semen Padang
The Industrial Revolution 4.0 encourages the application of intelligent technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) in industrial automation systems to improve efficiency, flexibility, and monitoring accuracy. This study aims to design and implement an IoT-based monitoring system integrated with the Siemens S7-1200 PLC on the biomass weight feeder tool at the Indarung V unit of PT Semen Padang. This system was developed to enable real-time and remote monitoring of equipment conditions, which previously could only be done from a local panel or control room. The design was carried out by combining ladder diagram programming on the TIA Portal and data visualization using Node-RED as an IoT platform. Testing was carried out in the laboratory through three main scenarios, namely variations in induction motor speed, alarm condition simulation, and connectivity testing between PLC, HMI, PC server, and PC client. The test results showed that the system was able to display speed and tool status data accurately with a delay time of less than one second. The indicator alarm successfully detected abnormal conditions and provided visual notifications appropriately. Connectivity between devices was also proven to be stable and synchronous during testing. With these results, this monitoring system is considered effective in supporting digital transformation in the industrial sector, especially in increasing the responsiveness and reliability of monitoring the biomass transportation process, and has the potential to be applied on a wider industrial scale
Copyright (c) 2025 Bintang Dwi Kurniawan, Muldi Yuhendri (Author)
Microcontroller based server room security system with dual authentication and Telegram as access data
Server space security is a critical aspect that requires a robust protection system. Traditional single-authentication security systems have weaknesses against access theft and lack real-time monitoring features. This research aims to design an ESP32-based server room security system with dual authentication using RFID and PIN, as well as monitoring via Telegram. The system integrates ESP32 as the main microcontroller, RFID MFRC522, TFT LCD touchscreen, ESP32-CAM, solenoid lock door, buzzer, and push button with Telegram API for real-time notifications. The research methodology includes hardware design and software development using the Arduino IDE. The test results showed that the system successfully implemented dual authentication with a 100% success rate for valid access, was able to deny access with an incorrect PIN or unregistered card, and successfully sent notifications and images to Telegram in real-time. The system provides significant improvements to server space security through multi-layered authentication, remote monitoring, and comprehensive access documentation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ibra Medifa - (Author)
Water flow control and monitoring system in pipes using water flow sensor
This paper discusses the design, construction, and testing of a water flow control and monitoring system in pipes that aims to detect leaks and combine water flow in real time to improve efficiency and reduce potential losses due to leaks. This system is designed using water flow sensors placed in each channel in a certain number to detect the air flow rate. The difference in air flow read from several sensors is used as an indication of a leak. This system is integrated with a microcontroller and is equipped with control via an electric solenoid valve that allows for leak handling and air flow diversion when needed. Several tests have been conducted to ensure the system is ready for use, and the results show that the system is able to control air flow well without any problems, and is able to monitor air flow in real time, detecting changes in flow when a leak occurs. This research contributes to a device for controlling and monitoring water flow in pipes to improve the efficiency of water channel handling
Copyright (c) 2025 Saidina Umar, Ali Basrah Pulungan, Habibullah, Citra Dewi (Author)
Design and construction of a multi-input boost converter
This study designs and implements a Multi Input Boost Converter (MIBC) to improve the efficiency and stability of renewable energy systems. The device combines two DC voltage sources, such as solar panels and wind turbines, into a higher and more stable output voltage. The system is controlled by an Arduino Mega 2560 programmed via MATLAB Simulink to generate Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signals, which are amplified by an IR2110 gate driver before activating the MOSFET. Two 12 V DC inputs are processed through the boost converter circuit to produce voltages of up to 24 V DC. An ACS712 current sensor and a voltage sensor are used as feedback for real-time duty cycle adjustment. The research process includes block diagram design, circuit construction, hardware assembly, and microcontroller programming. Testing on 50 Ω and 110 Ω loads shows that the MIBC can efficiently combine two power sources, maintain voltage stability, and minimize power losses. This design enhances the reliability and flexibility of hybrid power generation systems and has the potential to serve as a reference for developing multi-input power conversion in small to medium-scale renewable energy applications.
Copyright (c) 2025 Allif Khairul Diffa (Author)
Implementation of induction motor control and monitoring system for blower drive based on Internet of Things
Induction motors are widely used in industrial applications, particularly as blower drives, due to their simplicity, durability, and high efficiency. However, when operated at constant speed without considering load conditions, these motors often cause excessive energy consumption and reduced operational lifespan. This study develops an Internet of Things (IoT)-based control and monitoring system for a three-phase induction motor driving a blower by integrating Siemens Sinamics G120 Variable Speed Drive (VSD), Simatic S7-1200 PLC, SIMATIC KTP 700 HMI, and a web interface based on Node-RED. The system supports manual and automatic operation modes, with the automatic mode controlled by real-time ambient temperature readings from an LM35 sensor. The automatic control logic ensures the motor operates only when the temperature is within the range of 20°C to 37°C, automatically shutting down the motor if the temperature falls outside this range to prevent damage and inefficient operation, while the motor speed is proportionally adjusted according to the temperature within the specified range. Monitoring and control can be performed remotely via PC or smartphone using Ethernet communication based on the Profinet protocol. Testing results show that motor speed and direction can be accurately controlled and monitored in real time, with consistent data among the HMI, VSD, and external measuring instruments. This solution offers a reliable, user-friendly, and energy-efficient method for blower control in industrial environments, making a significant contribution to industrial automation by combining conventional control systems with IoT technology
Copyright (c) 2025 Habibi Muhammad Zein, Muldi Yuhendri (Author)
Design of navigation light using Microcontroller
This final project discusses the design and development of a icrocontroller-based navigation light system. This system aims to improve maritime safety by providing a more accurate and comprehensive control and monitoring system for navigation light conditions. The system uses an Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller as the main controller, equipped with current and voltage sensors to monitor lamp condition parameters periodically. Manual control of the navigation lights is done via pushbuttons, and information about the lamp conditions (voltage and current) is displayed on an LCD screen. In addition, the system is equipped with a buzzer as an early warning alarm if abnormal conditions are detected in the lamp, such as voltage or current exceeding normal limits. It is hoped that this system can provide a solution to maritime safety problems by providing more complete and accurate information regarding the condition of navigation lights, as well as enabling more effective preventative actions
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Irfanius, Ali Basrah Pulungan (Author)
Water pump optimization in an Internet of Things-based soil moisture monitoring system
Internet of Things (IoT) technology in agriculture is increasingly growing, especially in the automation of irrigation systems. This study aims to design and implement an IoT-based soil moisture monitoring system equipped with a water pump operation optimization algorithm to improve water use efficiency. This system is integrated with a NodeMCU ESP 8266 connected to the Blynk application and Google Spreadsheet to transmit data in real-time via smartphone devices. A combination of soil moisture sensors and water flow sensors is integrated to detect intelligent controls designed to automatically regulate the time and duration of watering based on the specified humidity threshold and predicted environmental conditions. Test results show that this system is able to maintain soil moisture levels within optimal limits while reducing water consumption significantly compared to conventional irrigation systems. Thus, this system not only supports more efficient and sustainable agricultural practices but also provides a technological solution that can be adapted to various scales of agricultural land
Copyright (c) 2025 Aidil Ode Putra, Sukardi (Author)
Tomato separation conveyor based on color and weight using microcontroller
Indonesia, as an agricultural country, has great potential in the agricultural sector, including horticultural commodities such as tomatoes. Post-harvest tomato processing, such as sorting by color and weight, is often done manually, leading to inefficiency and the potential for human error. This research aims to design and build a microcontroller-based tomato sorting conveyor to improve efficiency and product quality. This system utilizes a color sensor to identify the ripeness of tomatoes and a weight sensor to measure their weight. The microcontroller acts as the main controller, processing data from the sensors, making decisions, and regulating the conveyor mechanism to separate the tomatoes into the appropriate lanes. This research is expected to overcome the inefficiency problem in the manual tomato sorting process. With automatic separation by color and weight, the time and labor required are reduced, thereby reducing operational costs. Furthermore, the use of a microcontroller to process data precisely can help ensure that sorted tomatoes meet the desired quality standards. The results of this research are expected to contribute to the development of microcontroller-based technology in agriculture and serve as a reference for further research
Copyright (c) 2025 Natasya Rahalia Dinda, Doni Tri Putra Yanto (Author)
Maximum power control system for solar panels using the Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) method
Solar energy is a promising renewable energy source that offers solutions to the energy crisis and carbon emission reduction, but the power output generated by solar panels is fluctuating due to changes in light intensity and ambient temperature. This study develops a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control system using the Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) method to optimize the power output of solar panels. The system design includes the use of a boost converter as a voltage regulator and an Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller as the control center, with the SMC algorithm developed in Simulink MATLAB to generate a PWM signal that controls the duty cycle. Test results show that the SMC algorithm can achieve a maximum power point of 30 watts in 20 seconds, faster and more efficient than the Perturb and Observe (P&O) method, which only reaches 25 watts in 30 seconds, and demonstrates lower and more stable power oscillations. The boost converter was also proven effective in increasing the output voltage of the solar panel. Thus, the SMC-based MPPT system demonstrates superior performance in efficiency and adaptability to dynamic environmental conditions, making it suitable for application in the development of more reliable solar energy systems
Copyright (c) 2025 Ksatria Nugraha (Author)
Microcontroller-based Automatic Granule Weighing device with Human Machine Interface (HMI) integration
This research presents the design and development of an automatic granule weighing system based on a microcontroller, integrated with a TFT-based Human Machine Interface (HMI). The system aims to enhance accuracy and efficiency in the weighing process of granular raw materials, particularly in small- to medium-scale industries. It utilizes a load cell sensor and HX711 module for precise weight measurement, a vibrating motor to ensure consistent material flow, and a servo motor to control the dispensing valve. The HMI enables users to set target weights, adjust vibration speed, and monitor real-time data. Testing was conducted using rice granules with three different speed modes (low, medium, and high) and eight target weight variations. The system achieved an average error of 0.676% at low speed, 0.184% at medium speed, and 0.542% at high speed, with an overall accuracy of 99.533%. The integration of automated weighing mechanisms with an intuitive HMI demonstrates the system’s potential for industrial applications requiring precise, reliable, and user-friendly material handling
Copyright (c) 2025 Ihsan Riga Valendi, Risfendra (Author)
Internet of Things based solar panel cooling and monitoring system
Solar energy is one of the renewable energy sources that has great potential in Indonesia, due to its abundant availability and zero greenhouse gas emissions. However, the performance of solar panels can degrade due to high temperatures generated by continuous exposure to sunlight. This research aims to design and implement an effective cooling system to increase the output power of solar panels. The system is designed with a real time remote monitoring feature using the Blynk application, and is equipped with an automatic data logging system into Google Sheets. The cooling mechanism is carried out by spraying water onto the surface of the solar panel which is activated based on a predetermined temperature threshold value (set point). The test results show that the system is able to reduce the panel temperature by 5.46°C and increase the output power by 1.76 W. The ratio of power increase to temperature decrease is recorded at 3.1 W/°C, which proves that the system is effective in keeping the panel temperature below 40°C and contributes significantly to the improvement of solar panel performance
Copyright (c) 2025 anjelika febiola (Author)
IoT-based temperature, humidity, and ammonia control system for chicken coop
This research has designed and developed an integrated IoT (Internet of Things)-based system for controlling temperature, humidity, and ammonia levels in chicken coops. The study involved several experiments to test the functionality and effectiveness of the built system. Based on the results obtained from the assembly process, programming, device construction, and comprehensive system testing, it can be concluded that this control system application is effective in improving farmers' work efficiency. The automated waste removal is capable of lowering ammonia levels, minimizing manual labor, and efficiently saving time. Furthermore, this device functions to monitor and maintain the temperature for the livestock inside the coop. The device, with inputs and outputs from DHT-22 and MQ-135 sensors, an ESP32 microcontroller, a heating element, a conveyor, and a DC motor, has been successfully operated and proven effective in regulating temperature and ammonia gas levels in chicken coops.
Temperature and Ammonia Control, Chicken Farm / Poultry Farm, Conveyor, DC Motor, Blynk, DHT-22, MQ-135, ESP32
Copyright (c) 2025 Arif Budiman (Author)
Monitoring and controlling the electricity usage of 2 Room rented house based on IoT
Uncontrolled use of electrical energy in boarding houses and rentals often causes waste of power and high electrical loads. This research aims to design an Internet of Things (IoT)-based electric power monitoring and control system in two rooms using ESP32 microcontroller, PZEM-004T sensor, and OLED display. The system is integrated with the Blynk platform for remote monitoring, six relays to control electrical loads, and Google Sheet as a medium for storing monitoring data. Tests were conducted using several types of loads, including a 15-watt lamp, soldering iron, fan, cell phone charger, and 600-watt water heater. The test results showed a difference in readings between the sensor and multimeter with an average percentage error of 0.3% for voltage, 4% for current, and 0.53% for power. The current error is relatively high because the current value is so small that the difference slightly affects the percentage. In addition, testing on the relay shows that the system is able to automatically cut off the current when the cost limit is reached, as well as the buzzer works well when the cost limit is approaching. Based on these results, this system can be an effective solution in saving energy and controlling electricity usage based on IoT
Copyright (c) 2025 Alan Rizki Pratama Rizki Pratama (Author)
Lighting intensity control system using ESP32
Efficient lighting that can be controlled flexibly is an important requirement in supporting comfort and energy efficiency, especially in residential environments. This research designs a lighting control system that can be accessed through various methods, such as touch screens, mobile applications, and physical switches, to provide flexibility in setting light intensity according to user needs. This system design uses an ESP32 microcontroller as the main control center connected to relays, a TFT touchscreen-based interface, a physical switch, and an internet-based Blynk application. The light intensity setting is done using RBDdimmer-based AC dimmer module, and the power consumption monitoring is done through PZEM0-004T sensor. Control and monitoring data are synchronized in real-time between control methods. Test results show that the system is able to properly manage lighting through three control paths in a synchronous manner, even when an internet connection is not available. The system is capable of automatically saving and restoring the last status, and makes it easy for users to adjust the lighting according to their preferences. With these features, this system can be implemented in an efficient IoT-based smart lighting concept
Copyright (c) 2025 Agung Suheru Susandi (Author)
Arduino Uno based Vein detection design using High Power LED (HPL)
Difficulty in locating veins often poses a challenge in medical procedures such as intravenous catheterization or blood sampling, especially in children, adolescents, adults, and the elderly. This study designed and developed a vein detection device based on an Arduino Uno, utilizing a high-power LED (HPL) as the primary light source for locating veins. The device is equipped with a TTP223 touch sensor as the LED activation trigger and a PWM module to adjust light intensity according to the user's skin characteristics. The testing process was conducted on various age groups (children, adolescents, adults, and the elderly), with results showing that the device can clearly display veins, particularly in adolescents, adults, and the elderly, with optimal light intensity above 900 lux. The lowest average intensity was found in the children's group, indicating the need for more adaptive intensity adjustments. The device demonstrated stable and responsive performance and can assist medical personnel in accelerating the process of vein detection in a non-invasive, practical, and economical manner.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rizki setiawan (Author)
Design and construction of Water Level Control (WLC) at Minangkabau International Airport
This study aims to design an automatic water pump control system using the Omron 61F-GP-N Water Level Controller (WLC) to overcome energy waste and damage due to manual operation. The system is designed in two modes: automatic based on a water level sensor and manual via a push button, with main components such as a contactor, thermal overload relay (TOR), indicator, and control panel. In automatic mode, the pump turns on when the water is below the lower limit and turns off when it reaches the upper limit. Test results show that the system works according to its expected function, with an average response time of 0.4 seconds between the sensor and the motor. The motor is capable of flowing water of 1.51 m³/minute, with a working current during charging of 9.75 A. The WLC also shows excellent performance with an average voltage of 7.56 V and a current of only 0.08 mA, indicating the efficiency and stability of the sensor's work. In conclusion, this system is effective and applicable, and is able to improve the efficiency and reliability of water pump control. For further development, it is recommended to compare this sensor with other types and design alternative similar sensors that are more economical so that they can be widely used by the community
Copyright (c) 2025 YOGA HENDRIANSYAH (Author)
Automated building lighting control by using R3 Arduino Uno
Lighting is a fundamental need in daily life; however, conventional lighting systems that are still widely used today tend to be inefficient due to manual operation. This often leads to energy waste, especially when lights are left on during the day or in unoccupied rooms. This final project discusses the design and implementation of an automatic lighting system based on a light sensor (LDR) and motion sensor (PIR), aimed at improving energy efficiency in building environments. The system is designed to activate the lights only when two conditions are met simultaneously: the presence of a person in the room and low ambient light intensity, using an AND logic as the decision-making basis. Test results show that the system responds accurately, consistently, and reliably to environmental changes, and is capable of significantly reducing electricity consumption. By adopting this automation technology, the system not only supports energy savings and reduces operational costs but also contributes to environmental preservation through the reduction of carbon footprint.
Automatic lighting PIR sensor LDR sensor Energy efficiency AND logic
Copyright (c) 2025 Annisa Yolanda Putri (Author)
Motor control system and material direction of belt conveyor on Dosimat Feeder based on IoT with ESP32 at PT Semen Padang
Uneven material distribution on the dosimat feeder belt conveyor at PT Semen Padang causes the belt to tilt, resulting in material spillage and decreased production efficiency. To address this issue, an Internet of Things (IoT)-based control system was designed to detect belt tilting and automatically guide the material back to the center of the belt. This system utilizes an ESP32 microcontroller, a load cell sensor to read load distribution, four limit switches (two for detecting tilting and two for detecting material that veers off the track), two servo motors to direct material from the right and left sides, and a buzzer to provide an alert when material goes off the track. Real-time monitoring is conducted through the Blynk platform. Testing results showed that the load cell sensor had an average error of 1.68%, with the highest error of 3.3% at a 100-gram load and the lowest error of 1.17% at 200 and 400 grams. The limit switches for tilt detection were activated at an 85-gram load to trigger the servo, while the limit switches for material off-track were activated at a 100-gram load to stop the system and activate the buzzer. This system has proven effective in reducing material loss and improving production efficiency.
Copyright (c) 2025 Thaufik Qurrhahim Rinaldi (Author)
IoT-based material height monitoring and temperature-humidity control system with ESP32 on a Dosimat Feeder Hopper at PT. Semen Padang
A hopper is a temporary storage container for rock material before it is fed by a feeder into a crusher. At PT Semen Padang, monitoring of material in the dosimat feeder hopper is still local, limiting supervision flexibility and response time, as well as lacking temperature and humidity control, which can degrade sensitive materials such as gypsum. This study aims to design an integrated system using Internet of Things (IoT) technology to overcome these limitations. The system employs an ESP32 microcontroller as the main processor, using an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor to measure material height and two DHT22 sensors to monitor temperature and humidity. Based on sensor readings, the ESP32 controls a DC motor for the filling conveyor and fans for cooling through a relay module. Real-time data visualization is implemented via the Blynk IoT platform for remote monitoring. Testing shows that the HC-SR04 sensor has an accuracy of 95.44%, while the DHT22 sensor achieves 98.62% accuracy. The automatic control system worked correctly according to logical conditions, and the configuration using four fans proved most effective for reducing temperature. Data transmission to Blynk was successful and consistent. In conclusion, the IoT-based monitoring and control system enhances operational efficiency and material quality in industrial settings. It provides a reliable model for implementing remote monitoring and automation, supporting modernization in similar industrial processes through improved supervision, environmental control, and system responsiveness
Copyright (c) 2025 zikri illahi (Author)
Arduino-based control and monitoring system for minimum material weight on Belt conveyor Dosimat Fedder at PT. Semen Padang
The Dosimat feeder is a device used to accurately weigh additional materials before they enter the mill for the grinding process. The Dosimat feeder adjusts the material weight by increasing the motor speed when the hopper does not release supplementary materials such as gypsum. This research employs the Research and Development (R&D) method, which aims to produce a specific product and test its effectiveness. The results show that the measured weight data is displayed on a 16x2 LCD via an I2C module. A buzzer activates when the material weight drops below 331 grams, and the motor stops until the minimum weight is reached. Testing indicates that the load cell has an average accuracy of 98% (with an error margin of 0.6%–5%) for weights ranging from 100 to 400 grams. Motor speed decreases from 32 rpm (at 360 grams) to 21 rpm (at 480 grams) as the load increases. The system operates optimally when Dosimat 2 and 3 are active and all three LEDs are on, thereby improving production efficiency and preventing losses due to material shortages.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rahul Albaihaky (Author)
Monitoring and control of material surface evenness in the Dosimat Feeder Hopper at Finish Mill V PT Semen Padang
The dosimat feeder is a device used to weigh additional materials before entering the mill for grinding. It includes a hopper that functions as temporary storage before the material is transferred to the belt conveyor. The main issues addressed in this study are frequent material shortages that can disrupt industrial operations, and uneven filling that may affect system performance and reduce production efficiency. This research adopts the Research and Development (R&D) method, aiming to develop a product and evaluate its effectiveness. The system is designed using an Arduino Uno microcontroller to process data from sensors. Ultrasonic sensor 1 is configured to control material filling, while ultrasonic sensors 2, 3, and 4 are used to monitor material evenness, with a maximum distance tolerance of 2 cm for ultrasonic sensor 1. A DC vibrator motor is activated when the material inside the hopper is detected to be uneven. The results of the study show that the material level and surface flatness status are successfully displayed on a 16x2 LCD.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rahmi Nafisa (Author)